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[A1CR]

Calcium consumption levels may induce CR. A new paper used
to randomized,
cross-over approach, which is an apparently superior method
of examining the
role of a factor on health. The vitamin D levels in the
three diet meals
were: LD, 40nM; HC, 45nM; and HD, 364 nM. Therefore,
vitamin D may have no
role in the effect of calcium of causing CR.

Cummings NK, James AP, Soares MJ.
The acute effects of different sources of dietary calcium on
postprandial
energy metabolism.
Br J Nutr. 2006 Jul;96(1):138-44.
PMID: 16870002


Dairy Ca intake has been shown to be superior to
elemental Ca in
increasing the loss of body fat during energy restriction.
We questioned
whether the mechanisms involved an increase in postprandial
energy
expenditure, fat oxidation and/or a greater lipolysis. The
acute effects of
different sources of Ca were examined in eight subjects,
aged 47-66 years
and BMI 27.6-36.1 kg/m2, in a three-way cross-over study.
Subjects were
randomly provided breakfast meals either low in dairy Ca and
vitamin D (LD;
control), high in non-dairy Ca (calcium citrate) but low in
vitamin D (HC)
or high in dairy Ca and vitamin D (HD). Diet-induced
thermogenesis, fat
oxidation rates (FOR), carbohydrate oxidation rates (COR),
insulin, glucose,
NEFA and glycerol were measured hourly over a 6 h
postprandial period.
Postprandial data were calculated as a change (Delta) from
the fasting
value. Results showed that DeltaNEFA was significantly
different between
meals (LD -1.50 (sem 0.26), HC -1.22 (sem 0.32), HD -0.94
(sem 0.27) mmol/l
x 6 h; P = 0.035), with a lesser suppression following both
high-Ca meals.
DeltaFOR was significantly higher following the two high-Ca
meals (LD -6.5
(sem 2.2), HC 2.93 (sem 2.34), HD 3.3 (sem 2.5) g x 6 h; P =
0.005), while
reciprocally DeltaCOR was significantly lower. DeltaGlycerol
was less
suppressed following the high-Ca meals but statistical
significance was not
achieved. No differences in diet-induced thermogenesis,
insulin or glucose
were observed. Regardless of source, Ca intake acutely
stimulated
postprandial fat oxidation; and there was a lesser
suppression of NEFA
following these meals.

... three clinical studies have documented that a
high-dairy-Ca diet
accelerated fat loss, particularly from the abdominal
region. These results
were obtained under energy-deficit conditions [the
free-full-text
http://tinyurl.com/ycyv8b paper, the http://tinyurl.com/yezuej
paper and the free-full-test http://tinyurl.com/ydqcue
paper] , as well as
during weight maintenance [the free-full-test
http://tinyurl.com/ydqcue
paper] . The studies of Thompson et al. [the free-full-text
http://tinyurl.com/ybszkz paper] and Harvey-Berino et al.
[the
free-full-text
http://www.obesityresearch.org/cgi/content/full/13/10/1720
paper] , however, did not replicate these outcomes. Both
studies concluded
that a high-Ca diet did not augment weight loss above that
obtained from
energy restriction alone. ...

[...]
... in a prospective study of energy restriction,
these authors showed
a greater 24 h fat oxidation following high Ca intakes
(Melanson et al.
[http://tinyurl.com/yluqlt ] ). ...

... To the best of our knowledge, the present
prospective study is the
first to show a greater postprandial FOR following high-Ca
meals, both dairy
and non-dairy. The lesser postprandial suppression of NEFA
would drive the
increase in the fat oxidation, and the trend for a greater
lipolysis would
serve to maintain the relatively higher NEFA levels
following such meals.
Such data provide a mechanistic framework for understanding
how the intake
of Ca-rich foods may lead to a greater fat loss in obese
human subjects
undergoing energy restriction.