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[A1CR]

Publications from as much as 46 years ago may be useful in
the study of what
dietary factors other than our level of calories are
important to achieve
optimum outcomes in our CRON regimes. It appears that the
role played by the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_minerals category of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_minerals in our CR
practice was
evidenced in terms how long we may live, as studied in just
such an old
report. The report is difficult to identify as a CR study
from its title,
since the main topic of the investigation was the effect of
vitamin E and
trace metals in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myocardial
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrosis incidence in mice. In
it, details required re-typing from the manuscript and
selection of what may be the important details relative to CR.
Nevertheless, the study of trace metals for our health is a
general issue
that may bear on our health.

LEE YC, KING JT, VISSCHER MB.
Roles of certain minerals, vitamin E and other factors in
the genesis of
myocardial fibrosis in mice.
Am J Physiol. 1960 May;198:981-4. No abstract available.
PMID: 14415219

Thirty groups of inbred male C3H mice were studied in
relation to the
role of dietary minerals and other nutrients in the
induction of myocardial
damage. It has been found that a level of vitamin E in the
diet which was
adequate in the presence of ferric phosphate was not
adequate in the
presence of ferrous sulfate, and became more inadequate when
the trace
minerals, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn and I were added in amounts
provided in the
Jones-Foster salt formula. These variables are of critical
importance in the
development of heart lesions. Reduction of the cod liver oil
content of the
diet did not prevent the myocardial damage although there
was a progressive
decline in frequency and increase in the age at onset of the
heart failure
as the level of the cod liver oil varied from 2, to 1, and
to 0%. The
incidence of such diet-induced myocardial damage could be
greatly reduced by
caloric restriction alone. In the absence of vitamin E
caloric restriction
only delays the onset of myocardial damage. The heart-body
weight ratio is
increased in mice with myocardial damage as is the water
content of the
heart. Additions of vitamin E, orally or parenterally at 350
days of age,
did not markedly protect mice against later development of
the disorder. The
age at onset may have been increased by such treatment.

The basal diet consisted of, in g/100 g: casein 30,
brewer's yeast 8.5, dry
alfalfa leaf meal 4.3, glucose 35.5, lard 18.4, cod liver
oil 2.2 and wheat
germ oil 1.1.

Salt A B
CaCO(3) 38.39 54.44
MgSO4 5.80 1.60
NaCl (iodized) 14.11 6.90
KH(2)PO(4) 39.40 21.30
FeSO(4) 1.49 -
MnSO(4)·H(2)O 0.44 -
ZnCl(2) 0.026 -
CuSO(4) 0.0309 -
CoCl2·6H(2)O 0.0023 -
KI 0.08 -
MgCO(3) - 2.50
KC1 - 11.20
FePO(4) - 2.05.

In Table 1, the results for the effects of iron salts and
trace metals on
heart failure, related to vitamin E, were roughly:

All mice with Salt A with or without wheat germ oil (vitamin
E) died versus
half with Salt A minus trace

TABLE I. Effects of Level of Ferric and Ferrous Salts and
Trace Elements on
'Heart Failure' in Relation to Vitamin E Dejciency
================================================
Diets---Mice dead with heart failure (%) Age dead with heart
failure (d)
Life span (d) Body weight at 40 weeks (g)
Salt Percent Wheat germ oil---
================================================
A 4 + 92 398 395 43.8
A 4 - 96 354 354 43.8
A minus trace minerals 4 50* 3.89 3.88 31.5
B 4 + 4 677 561 40.8
B plus trace minerals 4 +21 568 554 44.2
B 7 + 0 - 591 40.9
B 7 - 44* 435 422 32.6
B plus trace minerals 7 - 100 370 370 39.1
================================================
* Complicated by paralysis (100%).

TABLE 2. Effects of Various Iron Salts on Incidence of Heart
Failure

TABLE 3. Effects of Commercial Iodized Salt, Cod Liver Oil
and Caloric
Restriction on Incidence of Heart Failure
================================================
Mice (#)---Diets---Dead with heart failure (%) Age dead with
heart failure
(d) Life span (d) Body weight at 40 week (g)
---Salt Percent Wheat germ oil Cod liver oil---
================================================
24 A-I-free-NaCl 4 + 2 88 456 448 42.5
24 A-iodized-Nacl 4 + 2 92 419 412 43.4
24 A 4 + 2 92 399 394 44.1
24 A 4 + 1 88 479 468 44.3
24 A 4 + 0 61 654 644 45.0
20 A 4 + Ad libitum 90 406 415 41.6
20 A 4 - Ad libitum 95 358 35 39.6
20 A 4 + 66%-CR 25 896 763 20.5
20 A 4 - 66%-CR 100 645 - 21.9

TABLE 4. Effects of Vitamin E Administration After
Establishment of
Myocardial Lesions (24 Mice Per Group Except as Noted)

TABLE 5. Heart Weight/Body Weight in Relation to Myocardial
Fibrosis

TABLE 6. Weights and Total Solids of Heart in Relation to
Myocardial
Fibrosis

... It seems likely that ferrous iron and the trace minerals
in the diet
result in one or another of two effects: either they
increase the rate of
destruction of vitamin E or they increase the requirement of
the mouse for
it. On the basis of existing information it is impossible to
decide between
the alternatives.